Define thermodynamic equilibrium. Explain chemical potential as criteria for phase equilibrium.
[7 marks]Define partial molar property. Derive summability relation and Gibbs/Duhem equation.
[7 marks]With neat sketch describe phase diagrams for partially miscible systems.
[7 marks]Describe the effect of temperature and pressure on fugacity.
[7 marks]Explain the phenomena of retrograde condensation.
[7 marks]Explain block diagram for bubble point temperature calculation.
[7 marks]The enthalpy of a binary liquid system of species 1 and 2 at fixed Tand Pis represented by the equation:1 H = 4 0 0 x1 + 6 0 0 x2 + x1 x2 4 0 x1 + 2 0 x2 Determine the expressions for H1 andH as a function of x . Calculate the values of21 H1 , H 2 , H 1 a n d H 207
[ marks]Define azeotrope. What kind of azeotrope is a system likely to form if it exhibits large positive deviation from Raoult’s law? Explain.
[7 marks]For the system methanol and methyl acetate, the following equation provide reasonable correlation for activity coefficient l n P1 sa t 1 6 . 5 9 1 - T3 l n64 - 31 A 3 . 3 . A 2 .1 x7 a1 n - d0 l n . 0 0 l2 n2 P A 3 T sa t2 x 21 1 4 . 2 5 3 - T26 -6 . . 44 07 where Tin Kand vapor pressures are in kPa. Assuming the validity of modified Raoults law , calculate Pand y for T = 318.15 Kand x = 0.25. i 1
[5 marks]At 25 0C the density of a methanol (1) – water (2) solution at x = 0.7779 is 825.959 kg/m3. Partial molar volume of water in this solution is 15.686 x 10-6 m3/mol. Determine the partial molar volume of methanol in the solution.
[7 marks]Derive phase rule for reacting system.
[7 marks]Determine the fugacity coefficients for nitrogen and methane in a N (1)/CH (2) mixture at 200 Kand 30 bar, if the mixture contains 40 mol% N .2 Data given: Experimental virial coefficient data are as follows: B = -35.2 cm3/ mol, B = -105 cm3/ mol, B = -59.8 cm3/ mol
[7 marks]List out various methods for evaluation of fugacity coefficient of pure component. Discuss any one in detail.
[7 marks]Derive the expression relating equilibrium constant (K) with standard Gibbs energy change (∆G°) at constant temperature and pressure.
[7 marks]For a system in which following reaction occurs, CH H OCO3H422 assume there are present initially 2 mol CH4, 1 mol H2O, 1 mol CO and 4 mol H2. Determine expressions for the mole fractions yi as a function of ε.
[7 marks]Explain the method of Lagrange’s undetermined multipliers for gas phase reaction to minimize total Gibbs free energy.
[7 marks]Consider the system in which the following reaction occurs:2 C C H H4 + + H 2 H2 O2 O C O C O +2 + H4 H ....( 1 ) ....(2 2 )07 If there are present initially 2 mol of CH and 3 mol of H O. Determine expressions for42 the y as a functions of the ε and ε . i 1
[2 marks]