Define (i) Line of collimation (ii) Plunging (iii) Telescope Normal
[3 marks]What is ‘Closing Error’? Enlist the different methods of balancing the closing error in a closed traverse.
[4 marks]The bearing of two inaccessible stations Aand Btaken from station Cwere 225˚0’and 153˚26’respectively.The coordinates of Aand Bwere as under Station Easting Northing A 300 200 B 400 150 Calculate the independent coordinate of C.
[7 marks]What is the principle of the subtense bar method of measuring horizontal distances?
[3 marks]List fundamental lines of theodolite and desired relationship between them.
[4 marks]The following observations were taken with a tacheometer at the station P to a staff at Qheld normal to the line of sight. If the staff readings are 1.71, 2.64 and 3.57 m, and the angle of inclination is 29˚30’, determine the horizontal distance between Pand Q. Also determine the elevation of Qif the line of collimation is at R.Lof 200.00 m .Take k=100 and C= 0.50.
[7 marks]While traversing, a closed traverse ABCD was made. Due to the obstructions it was not possible to observe the bearings of lines BC and CD. Calculate the missing bearings. Line Length (m) W.C.B AB 550 60˚ BC 1200 ? CD 880 ? DA 1050 310˚
[7 marks]How correction for curvature and refraction is applied in trigonometric levelling?
[3 marks]An instrument was set up at Pand the angle of elevation to a vane 4 m above the foot of the staff held at Qwas 9˚30’. The horizontal distance between Pand Qwas known to be 2000 m. Determine the R.Lof the staff station Q, given that R.Lof the instrument axis was 2650.38 m.
[4 marks]Describe briefly the salient features of Total Station and discuss the recent advancements in Total Stations.1
[7 marks]Explain Electromagnetic Distance Measurement Technique.
[3 marks]Discuss setting up and orientation of a Total Station.
[4 marks]How do you determine the inter visibility of triangulation stations? Two triangulation stations Aand Bare 50 km apart and have elevations of 180 m and 210 m respectively. Find the minimum height of signal required at Bso that the line of sight may not pass nearer the ground than 3 m. the intervening ground may be assumed to have a uniform elevation of 160 m.
[7 marks]Explain DGPS briefly.
[4 marks]Compare Traverse survey with Triangulation survey
[4 marks]Describe with sketches any two methods for setting out of a building foundation plan.
[6 marks]Briefly explain : Subsidiary Bases, Satellite station and Well-conditioned Triangle.
[3 marks]Explain the Direct levelling process for steep ground
[4 marks]Derive the expression for determining horizontal distance and R.Lwhen line of sight is at an angle of elevation as well as at an angle of depression and Staff held vertical for Tacheometry Survey.
[7 marks]What precautions will you like to exercise in measuring a base line?
[3 marks]What is sounding? Describe any two methods of locating sounding in hydrographical surveying.
[4 marks]Find the reduced level of a church spire Cfrom the following observation taken from two stations Aand B, 50 m apart. Angle of BAC = 60˚ Angle of ABC = 50˚ Angle of elevation from Ato the top of spire = 30˚ Angle of elevation from Bto the top of spire = 29˚ Staff reading from Aon bench mark of reduced level 20.00 m = 2.5 m Staff reading from Bto the same bench mark = 0.50 m.
[7 marks]What is Normal Tension in Linear measurements?
[3 marks]Explain LIDAR surveying.
[4 marks]Calculate latitudes, departures and closing error for the following traverse, and adjust using Bowditch’s rule. Line Length (m) Whole Circle Bearing AB 89.31 45˚10’ BC 219.76 72˚05’ CD 151.18 161˚52’ DE 159.10 228˚43’ EA 232.26 300˚42’2
[7 marks]