Process Equipment Design -I — Winter 2024

Define capacity of pump, total dynamic head and NPSH.

Briefly discuss the standard pressure taps used in orifice meter.

It is proposed to pump 10,000 kg/h of saturated toluene at 114oC and 1.1 atm a from the reboiler of a distillation tower to a second distillation unit without cooling. If the friction loss in the reboiler and pump is 7 kPa and density of toluene is 866 kg/m3, how much liquid level in the reboiler is to be maintained to give a net suction head of 2.5 m? Calculate the power required to drive the pump if the pump is to elevate the toluene to 10 m to a second unit at atmospheric pressure. Assume friction loss in the discharge line to be 35 kPa. Pump efficiency is 62 %.

State the functions of baffles in shell and tube heat exchanger.

Discuss in detail about the criteria of selection between kettle type and thermosyphon reboiler.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of U-tube heat exchanger.

With neat sketch explain the process design of without phase change heat exchanger by using Tinker’s flow model.

With suitable industrial examples differentiate between continuous and dispersed phase for liquid-liquid extraction. Page 1 of

Discuss the design steps to determine the number of theoretical stages for a continuous counter current multistage extractor.

Determine shell size, tube side coefficient, shell side coefficient and overall coefficient for a heat exchanger to sub-cool condensate from a methanol condenser from 95°Cto 40°C. The flow-rate of methanol is 100000 kg/h. Brackish water will be used as the coolant, with a temperature rise from 25° to 40°C. Use one shell pass and two tube pass with the given data for calculation. Assume the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) = 600 W/m2 Cand F = 0.85, t Heat capacity of methanol = 2.84 kJ/kg Kand for water = 4.2 kJ/kg K, Choose 20 mm o.d., 16 mm i.d., 4.88 m long tubes (3/4 in. × 16 ft) of cupro-nickel. Allowing for tube-sheet thickness, take L = 4.83 m, Bundle diametrical clearance = 68 mm, Viscosity of water = 0.8 cP, Thermal conductivity of water = 0.59 W/m C, Use 25% cut baffles with baffle spacing = Ds/5, Density of methanol = 750 Kg/m3, Viscosity of methanol = 0.34 cP, Thermal conductivity of methanol = 0.19 W/m C, Thermal conductivity of cupro-nickel alloys = 50 W/m°C. Take fouling coefficients for: methanol (light organic) = 5000 W/m2°C & brackish water (sea water) = 3000 W/m2°C

State the advantages and disadvantages of mixer-settler type extractor.

State and explain any three examples of selection of operating pressure in distillation column.

Determine the minimum reflux ratio for the saturated binary liquid mixture of benzene-toluene at standard atmospheric pressure based on the given data. Feed – 100 kmol/h, Mole fraction of benzene in feed – 0.4, Mole fraction of benzene in distillate – 0.99, Mole fraction of benzene in residue – 0.02, Average relative volatility – 2.25

State the advantages and disadvantages of vacuum distillation.

Explain the design steps for a sieve tray distillation column.

Discuss the method to determine the optimum reflux ratio for distillation.

Differentiate between jet flooding and downcomer flooding.

Why venturi scrubber is placed before the packed tower type absorber?

Determine diameter or width and Number of gas phase transfer unit for a vertical and horizontal cross flow spray tower type absorber based on the given data. Volumetric flow rate of boiler flue gas – 24,000 Sm3/h, Pressure of gas – 150 mm WC (gauge), Temperature of gas – 80 to 90oC, SO concentration in2 boiler flue gas - 4000 ppm, Desired concentration of SO in the outgoing gas -2 200 ppm, Solvent 1% lime solution. Page 2 of

Differentiate between countercurrent type and gas injection type of packing support used in packed column.

When shell and tube heat exchanger is used as falling film absorber? State any two advantages and industrial applications of falling film absorber.

Explain the design steps to determine the top and bottom diameter for a packed tower type absorber.

State the applications of pall ring, berl saddles and rasching rings.