State Raoult’s law. Explain positive and negative deviations from Raoult’s law with suitable examples.
[6 marks]Define: Molarity, Normality and Molality. State the Henry’s low.
[5 marks]Describe Ostwald-Walker method of measuring the relative lowering of vapour pressure.
[5 marks]Describe Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation.
[6 marks]Describe the Beckmann method to determine freezing point lowering.
[5 marks]State & Explain Faraday`s laws of Electrolysis.
[5 marks]Discuss various factors affecting on rate of reaction.
[6 marks]Explain various methods to determine the order of reactions.
[5 marks]Define first order reaction. Derive equations for first order reaction and its half- life and self-life.
[5 marks]Define Complexation. Classify various types of complexes.
[6 marks]Write applications of complexes in pharmacy.
[5 marks]Write note on protein binding.
[5 marks]Define and Classify the polymers with examples.
[6 marks]Write a note on: Characterization of polymers.
[5 marks]Describe the pharmaceutical applications of polymers. Q. 6 (a) Define Diffusion and Flux. Explain Fick’s first and second law of diffusion.
[6 marks]Define Dissolution. Explain the Noyes Whitney equation for describing rate of drug dissolution.
[5 marks]Describe the USP type-I & II dissolution apparatus with labeled diagram.
[5 marks]Write a short note on Accelerated stability study.
[6 marks]Describe Debye-Heckel theory for strong electrolytes.
[5 marks]Discuss the general properties of polymer solutions.
[5 marks]