Applied Chemistry — Winter 2024

Write applications of applied chemistry in the service of society.

Explain optical activity by taking tartaric acid as example.

Write notes on: Viscosity, Depression in freezing point, Molarity, Osmosis, Hybridization, Enthalpy, Electronegativity.

Describe following terms: Phase, component, degree of freedom

Explain following terms: Order of stability for free radicals, Intermediate of chlorination of benzene, Markovnikov’s rule, Inductive effect

Recognize the type of reaction and support the explanation with mechanism for Synthesis of Methyl alcohol from methyl chloride.

Write difference between SN1 and SN2 reactions with detailed mechanism.

Explain: Zeolites, Nanocomposites, Glass transition temperature

Write detailed discussion on Molecular orbital theory with example.

What is phase rule? Explain phase diagram of one component system taking example of water.

What is Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

Afirst order reaction is 20 % completed in 10 minutes. Calculate the time taken for the reaction to go to 80 % completion.

Explain two component silver-lead system with appropriate diagram and details.

Compare and contrast between Enantiomers and diastereomers.

Explain sp3 hybridization with structure bonding and shape of CH ,4 NH , H O.32

What is first order of reactions? Derive rate law for the first order of reaction, also writes the unit of rate constant.

Give details of Schrodinger Wave Equation.

Define: Molecularity of reaction, rate law, E-Zisomers, R-S Configuration1

Vishnu synthesized nitrobenzene from benzene in applied chemistry lab. Help him in solving following details:

Chemical Reaction (ii) Recognizing type of mechanism (name only) (iii) Intermediate formed (iv) Spectroscopic characterization

Elaborate engineering applications of ceramics, refractories and insulators.

Explain following terms: (i) Florescence, (ii) Heat of combustion (iii) Exothermic reactions (iv) Shielding effect

The equation for the calculation is as following: C H O → C H + H O 4 10 (l) 4 8(g) 2 (g) Calculate the enthalpy change, in kJ mol-1, by using the data given below and also write the statement of law governing this. 4C + 5H + ½O → C H O ΔH = -335 kJ mol-1

2(g) 2(g) 4 10 (l) 4C + 4H → C H ΔH = -17 kJ mol-1

2(g) 4 8(g) H + ½O → H O ΔH = -242 kJ mol-1 2(g) 2(g) 2 (g)

What is surface characterization? Suggest few methods for the same.

What is Hess’s law? Explain its applications.