Define and explain “Reversible Process”.
[3 marks]Differentiate between (i) Macroscopic Vs Microscopic approach (ii) Intensive Vs Extensive Properties
[4 marks]State and explain first law of thermodynamics. Also, derive energy balance equation for closed system.
[7 marks]What is Cubic EOS? List some of them.
[3 marks]Explain Virial expansions, Virial coefficients and compressibility factor.9
[4 marks]Explain PVT behavior of a pure substance with the help of PT and PV diagram in brief.
[7 marks]One kmol of an ideal gas, initially at 300C and 1 bar undergoes the following mechanically reversible changes. It is compressed isothermally to a point such that when it is heated at constant volume to 1200C its final pressure is 12 bar. Calculate Q, W ∆Uand ∆Hfor the process. Take C = (7/2)Rand C = (5/2)R. p v
[7 marks]Mention various statements of the second law of thermodynamics.
[3 marks]Explain various equations proposed for predicting latent of pure substances.
[4 marks]Derive Carnot equations for a Carnot cycle using an ideal gas.
[7 marks]State Carnot theorem and its corollary.
[3 marks]Explain effect of temperature on heat of reaction.
[4 marks]Asteel casting [Cp = 0.5 kJ kg-1 K-1] weighing 40 kg and at a temperature of 450oC is quenched in 150 kg of oil [Cp = 2.5 kJ kg-1 K-1] at 25oC. If there are no heat losses, what is the change in entropy of (i) the casting (ii) the oil, and (iii) both considered together?
[7 marks]Define heat capacity and explain its temperature dependency.
[3 marks]Explain heat effects of some industrial reactions.
[4 marks]Write down Maxwell’s equations and derive one of them.
[7 marks]What are residual properties? Explain.
[3 marks]Explain thermodynamic diagrams.
[4 marks]Define and explain following with examples of each: (1) Sensible heat (2) latent heat (2) Standard heats of formation, reaction and combustion.
[7 marks]What are the factors (properties) affects the choice of a refrigerant?
[3 marks]Derive an equation for the Co-efficient of performance (COP) of Carnot refrigeration cycle.
[4 marks]Starting from energy balance equation and the continuity relation, show that the maximum velocity attained by a gas in steady state adiabatic flow in a horizontal pipe of a constant cross-sectional area is: - P u2 V 2 max V S
[7 marks]Explain “Critical Pressure Ratio” in case of a fluid flowing through nozzle.
[3 marks]Write a short note on ejectors.
[4 marks]Describe Vapor compression refrigeration cycles with neat diagrams.2
[7 marks]