What is the scope and limitations of thermodynamics?
[3 marks]Explain (i) System and Surroundings (ii) Macroscopic and Microscopic aspect
[4 marks]Derive the first law of thermodynamics for open system
[7 marks]Explain compressibility factor
[3 marks]Derive van der Waal's equation of state
[4 marks]Determine the molar volume of gaseous methane at 300 Kand 600 bar by the following methods:
[7 marks]Using the ideal gas equation
[ marks]Using the van der Waals equation given that a = 0.2285 Nm4/mol2; b = 4.27 x 10–5 m3/mol
[ marks]Asteel casting at a temperature 725 Kand weighing 35 kg is quenched in 150 kg oil at 275 K. If there are no heat losses, determine the change in entropy. The specific heat (C ) of steel is 0.88 kJ/kg Kand that of oil is P 2.5 kJ/kg K.
[7 marks]What is an adiabatic process? Write the expression for work done during reversible adiabatic process
[3 marks]Explain the terms 'state function' and 'path function'
[4 marks]The P-V-Tbehaviour of nitrogen is represented by the ideal gas equation PV =nRT, where n is the number of moles of the gas and Rthe ideal gas constant (R = 8.314 kJ/kmol K). The heat capacities of the gas are C = 20.8 and C = 29.1 kJ/kmol K. The gas initially at 15 bar and 280 K V P is undergoing a change of state to the final condition of 1.5bar and 340 K. Determine the change in internal energy and the change in enthalpy.
[7 marks]Explain Hess law of heat summation
[3 marks]What is an equation of state? Give the expression for any three equations of state
[4 marks]Three moles hydrogen and 1 mol nitrogen, both at 10 bar and 373K are separately admitted, mixed and then heated to 773 Kin a heat exchanger with a corresponding increase in pressure. Calculate the entropy change in the process. Assume C = 21 J/mol Kfor the mixture. V1
[7 marks]Define 1. Entropy. 2. Third law of thermodynamics 3. One ton of refrigeration
[3 marks]An ideal gas with heat capacity C = 29.7 kJ/kmol Kflows steadily through a P long capillary tube at 5 bar and 350 Kand leaves at 2 bar. What is its exit temperature? Derive Maxwell Relations
[7 marks]Aheat engine operates between a heat source at 700 Kand a heat sink at 0 300 K. What is the maximum efficiency of the engine?
[3 marks]State various liquefaction processes and explain any one
[4 marks]Derive an expression of entropy change involving ideal gas for following process? 1) Constant volume process. 2) Constant pressure process. 3) Isothermal process. Also find the change in entropy when 2 kg of a gas at 277K is heated at constant volume to a temperature of 368K. Given C = 1.42 kJ/kg∙K. V
[7 marks]Air expands through a nozzle from a negligible initial velocity to a final velocity of 350 m/s. What is the temperature drop of air, if air is assumed an ideal gas with C = (7/2)R? P
[3 marks]Explain vapor-compression refrigeration cycle?
[4 marks]Explain with a schematic diagram the working of an absorption refrigeration system
[7 marks]What is Joule-Thomson effect
[3 marks]Arefrigeration machine operating at a condenser temperature of 290 Kneeds 1.5 kW of power per ton of refrigeration. Determine the following: (i) The coefficient of performance (ii The heat rejected to the condenser
[4 marks]Show that in multistage compression for minimum work, the inter-stage pressure is the geometric mean of the initial and final pressures2
[7 marks]