Basic and Applied Thermodynamics — Winter 2022

Differentiate macroscopic and microscopic point of view in thermodynamics.

Explain Thermodynamic equilibrium with example

Give detailed explanation on following topics : 1. Quasi-static process 2. Point function vs Path function

Define 1) Internal energy 2) Enthalpy 3) Specific Heat

Explain First law of thermodynamics for a process in a closed system.

One kg mass of air expands reversibly from 6.5 bar and 0.0135 m3 to a final volume of 0.1 m3. Find the final pressure, final temperature, work done, change in internal energy and heat interaction, if the expansion is:

Adiabatic

Polytropic with n = 1.3

Isothermal

Explain and derive equation for Steady flow through a Heat Exchanger.

Write down limitations of first law of thermodynamics

Explain Carnot theorem.

Explain Equivalence of kelvin-plank and clausius statements.

Explain causes of irreversibility.

Explain inequality of Clausius.

Exhaust steam at 50kPa, 150 0C enters a subsonic diffuser with a velocity of 180 m/s. The area at the diffuser inlet is 1000 cm2. During passage of steam through the diffuser, its velocity decreases to 90 m/s, and the pressure increases to 1 bar. Also 120kW of heat is lost to the surroundings from the diffuser surface. Determine the area at diffuser outlet.

Explain briefly heat engine and heat pump.

Give brief comparison of Otto, diesel and dual cycle.

Determine expression for air standard efficiency of Otto cycle with neat sketch of P-Vand T-Sdiagram.

Write short note on Bell-Coleman cycle.

Differentiate Carnot and Rankine Cycle.

(a) One kg of water at 300 Kis heated to 500 Kby bringing it in contact with a heat reservoir at 500 K. Determine the entropy change of the universe.1

If instead the water is first heated to 400 Kby bringing it in contact with an intermediate heat reservoir at 400 K, and then to 500 Kas before, what will be the entropy change of the universe in this case?

Write principle of operation of steam turbine.

Explain Simple Vapor Compression Refrigeration (VCR).

Explain with neat sketch velocity compounding of impulse turbine.

Draw velocity diagram for reaction turbine.

Define the term “Degree of Reaction”. Explain Parson’s reaction turbine

List out methods for governing of steam turbine and explain any one with neat sketch in detail.