Fundamentals of Material & Energy Balance Calculations — Summer 2022

In a multiple effect evaporator system, the second effect is maintained under vacuum of 475 torr (mm Hg). Find the absolute pressure in kPa.

Define : (a) Selectivity (b) Limiting reactant (c) Heat Capacity (d) Normality

Explain in brief about Recycle, bypass and purge operations with neat sketch.

Convert 88 kg of carbon dioxide into its amount in molar units.

Derive: Pressure%=Mole%=Volume%

Solution of K CO is prepared by dissolving 43 kg K CO in 100 kg water at 293 K. Find, Molarity, Normality and Molality of the solution. Take density of solution as 1.3 kg/L.

Estimate the density of chlorine gas at temperature of 503 K and 15.2 MPa pressure by using (i) the ideal gas law and (ii) the van der Waals equation. Take a = 0.6354 (m3)2 MPa/(kmol)2 and b = 0.0543 m3/kmol.

Explain adiabatic reaction with a suitable example.

Write in brief about raoult’s law and henry’s law.

Amakeup of 1000 kg of a solution containing 35% by weight of a substance ‘A’ is desired. Two solutions are available, one containing 10 weight percent ‘A’ and other containing 50 weight percent of ‘A’. How many kilograms of each solution will be required?

Find Nitrogen (N) content of 100 kg urea sample containing 96.43% pure urea.

Write down the general method for solving material balance problems of the systems involving no chemical reactions.

Agas mixture has the following composition by volume: SO =8.5%, O =10% and N =81.5%222 Find (a) the density of gas mixture at a temperature of 473 K (200 C) and 202.65 kPa g and (b) composition by weight.1

Explain material balance concept for Liquid-Liquid Extraction process with its diagram.

Give the classification of different forms of energy.

Heat capacity data for gaseous SO is given by the following2 equation: 5.945∗105 C°p= 43.458+10.634∗10−3T− T2 Calculate the heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kmol pure Sulphur dioxide from 300 Kto 1000 K.

What do you mean by Equivalent weight of an element or compound? Explain in brief with its formula.

Explain the energy balances on closed systems with suitable equations.

The analysis of a refinery gas by volume is: H : 74%, CH : 13.5%, C H : 7.4%, C H : 3.6%, n-C H : 1.2% and n-C H : 0.3%.512 Data: Component -∆Hᵒ (gross) , -∆Hᵒ (net) , kJ/mol C C kJ/mol CH 890.65 802.624 C H 1560.69 1428.6426 C H 2219.17 2043.1138 n-C H 2877.40 2657.32410 n-C H 3535.77 3271.67512 ∆Hᵒ of H O (g) = -241.82 kJ/mol at 298 K (25ᵒ C) f ∆Hᵒ of H O (l) = -285.83 kJ/mol at 298 K (25ᵒ C) f Specific volume at 298 Kand 101.3 kPa = 24.465 m3/kmol. Calculate the GCV and NCV of the refinery gas in kJ/mol, kJ/kg and kJ/m3.

Explain in brief about Stoichiometric coefficient, Stoichiometric ratio and stoichiometric proportion with its example.

Write in brief about Proximate and Ultimate analysis of coal.

The analysis of feed to vacuum crystallizer is given below: Urea = 82%, water = 17.5% and impurity = 0.5%. In the crystallizer, 50% of water is evaporated at 323 k. Calculate the yield of urea crystals and percent impurity content of crystals if the mother liquor is found to contain 1.6% impurity.

Define the following: Molarity , Molality and Normality

In production of Sulphur trioxide, 100 kmol of SO and 1002 kmol of Oare fed to a reactor. If the percent conversion of2 SO is 80, calculate the composition of the product stream on2 mole basis.

Agas mixture containing benzene vapour is saturated at 101.325 kPa and 323 k. Calculate the absolute humidity if the other component of the mixture is (a) nitrogen and (b) carbon dioxide. Data: Vapour pressure of benzene at 323 K = 36.664 kPa.