Biomedical Sensors & Transducers — Winter 2024

Explain the following terms: 1) Measuring range 2) True value 3) Relative value.

What is error? Explain it with its types.

Explain dynamic characteristics of measuring instruments.

Define transducer efficiency.

Explain the Photoresistor with its working principle, construction and applications.

Explain working principle of thermocouple with its basic diagram.

Draw and explain basic construction of Optoisolator. Explain working principle. Enlist applications.

Enlist and explain advantages and disadvantages of photodiode.

What is radiant temperature sensors? Explain its working principle.

Explain resistance temperature detector (RTD) with its working principle and construction.

What is resistive transducers? List out its applications.

Example: Aresistance strain gauge with a gauge factor of 4 is cemented to a steel member, which is subjected to a strain of 2 × 10–6. If the original resistance value of the gauge is 160 Ω, calculate the change in resistance.

Draw and explain construction and circuit diagram of linear variable differential transformer.

Enlist and explain biomedical applications of strain gauge.

What is Wheatstone bridge? Draw circuit for the measurement of resistance. Derive the equation for equilibrium of bridge.

Explain piezo-electric transducer. Derive the equation for output voltage and sensitivity.

Explain the relation between pulse repetition frequency and flow velocity in pulsed wave Doppler shift transducers.

Example: Acertain crystal has a coupling coefficient of 0.42. How much electrical energy must be applied to produce an output of 6 oz.in. of mechanical energy?

Draw and explain construction of catheter tip pressure sensor.

Explain Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluid with its properties and examples.

Explain un-bonded strain gauge with its advantages and disadvantages.

Draw and explain construction of capacitive type pressure sensor.1

Enlist and explain kinds of body motions generated by muscular activities are objects of motion measurements.

Write a note on intraocular pressure monitoring.

Explain how mean blood pressure can be measured with Doppler Ultrasound.