Write a short note on cyclones and anticyclones.
[3 marks]Describe the principal of rainfall measurement using a Radar with neat sketch.
[4 marks]The cumulative rainfall depth with time during a storm as obtained from a recording rain gauge at a station is as: Time [in hour] 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 Cumm. 0 6 11 16 24 38 51 57 66 Rainfall [mm]
[7 marks]Construct the hyetograph of this storm using uniform time interval of 30-minutes. (ii) Compute the maximum average rainfall intensities for durations of 30-minutes and 1- hour.
[ marks]Discuss various methods of reducing evaporation from a water body.
[3 marks]Estimate the evaporation from a free water surface on 18-September using Penman’s equation: Air temperature 20°C, Air vapor pressure 15.0mm of mercury, Sunshine hours 6.0 hr, Atmospheric pressure 755mm of mercury, Wind velocity 1.8m/s at 2.0m above ground level.
[4 marks]Explain the working of double ring infiltrometer with adjustable depth of flooding. Describe how infiltration capacity rate can be measured using a double ring infiltrometer.
[7 marks]The constant base flow of 30 cumec is derived from a storm of 3 hours. Derive the ordinates of 3-hour unit hydrograph using the data of flow given in below table. The area of the drainage basin of the stream is 400 sq.km. Sep 3 Sep 4 Sep 5 Sep Flow Flow Flow Flow Time Time Time Time (cumec) (cumec) (cumec) (cumec) 3 AM 130 3 AM 110 3 AM 150 3 AM 30 9 AM 20 9 AM 90 9 AM 170 9 AM 40 3 PM 180 3 PM 95 3 PM 250 3 PM 25 9 PM 210 9 PM 105 9 PM 210 9 PM 35
[6 marks]Distinguish between Surface runoff, Sub-surface runoff, and Baseflow.
[3 marks]Describe the step-by-step procedure of the derivation of a unit hydrograph from an isolated storm.
[4 marks]Consider the following rainfall: 20, 35, 60, 22, 30 and 12 mm/hr for the successive 1-hour period of a 6 hour’s storm. The corresponding surface runoff is estimated of 40 mm/hr. Calculate Ø-index. Also determine W-index.
[7 marks]Explain the terms, (i) Cone of depression, (ii) Radius of influence, and (iii) Drawdown for groundwater well.
[3 marks]Explain, how the yield of an open well can be determined using recuperation test for groundwater exploration.
[4 marks]Explain with sketch the Unconfined Aquifer. In which hydro-geological conditions unconfined aquifers are often found?
[7 marks]Draw the uplift pressure diagram for concrete gravity dam.
[3 marks]How can you estimate areal rainfall in the absence of standard rain-gauges?
[4 marks]How the rainfall over a drainage basin is measured using Isohyetal method? explain with sketch.
[7 marks]What are the different types of spillways?
[3 marks]Classify dams based on the structural behavior. Explain any two of them with neat sketches.
[4 marks]Explain the procedure to fix the reservoir capacity with the help of mass curves of inflow and outflow. Consider suitable assumptions.
[7 marks]What are the drawbacks of using Lacey’s theory for designing the unlined irrigation channel?
[3 marks]How will you select the design return period of a flood event? What precautions are to be taken in the selection process?
[4 marks]Design an unlined irrigation channel passing through alluvial soil plain using Kennedy’s theory of canal design. Given are full supply discharge FSQ=13.50 Cumec, longitudinal slope S=1/4500, Manning’s constant N=0.0230, velocity ratio m=1, side slope z=0.45.
[7 marks]Explain causes and effects of drought.
[3 marks]Discuss principles and objectives of water resources planning.
[4 marks]Design an unlined irrigation channel in alluvial soil using Lacey’s theory for full supply discharge (FSQ) is 13.50 Cumec, longitudinal slope S=1/4500, Manning’s constant N=0.0230, velocity ratio m=1, side slope z=0.45.
[7 marks]