Downstream Processes — Summer 2022

What is role of downstream processing in a biochemical industry?

How the same Stoke’s law applies to sedimentation and centrifugation?

In a laboratory test of the filtration of a cell culture, the following equation was obtained to describe the filtration: t V = K1 +K2 (V/A) A Where K1 = 0.18 min/cm2 and K2 = 0.017 min/cm. The cell slurry has a viscosity of 2cp, and the filter cake solids (dry basis) per volume of filtrate were 13 g/liter. The pressure drop for the filtration was 610 mm Hg (0°C). Determine the specific cake resistance α and the medium resistance Rm.

Draw diagram of any two types of production centrifuge.

Draw a flowchart to show various stages of Downstream process.

What are selection criteria for cell disruption process? Explain any one method with its advantages and disadvantages.

Enlist different methods for protein precipitation. Explain principle and working of any one method in detail.

Explain principle of extraction.

Explain different adsorbents used as stationary phase in column chromatography.

We are planning to recover an antibiotic from 10 litres of feed solution by adsorption using activated carbon. The concentration of the antibiotic in the feed is 1.1 x 10-6 g per g of water. Above adsorption follows Freundlich isotherm. The isotherm is: C = 2.51C B U 0.288 How much adsorbent is required for 95 % recovery of the antibiotic?

What are gradient makers?

What is a supercritical fluid? What are its characteristics?

Give a schematic diagram of chromatographic setup and describe functions of the components.1

What are selection criteria for solvents in liquid liquid extraction process?

How can membrane fouling be overcome?

Explain principle and working of ion exchange chromatography.

Give broad classification of bioproducts in reference to its separations.

Draw diagram of high speed ball mill homogenizer.

Two proteins of molecular weight 2.5 x 105 and 1 x 104 were eluted out of a gel filtration column at 220 ml and 300 ml respectively. Determine molecular weight of a protein which elutes out at 270 ml from the column under the same conditions. The relation follows as V = a – b log M. e

What are advantages of crystallization as a finishing operation in bioseparations?

Write a note on lyophilization.

Explain principle and working of affinity chromatography.

Why is formulation a necessary step in finishing operation?

What are flocculants? Give its properties.

Explain process of fixed bed adsorption.