Transport Phenomena — Winter 2024

For steady-state axial flow of an incompressible liquid in an annular region between two coaxial cylinders of radii kR and R, through annulus the velocity profile is given by Find the 1. The maximum velocity 2. The average velocity 3. The mass flow rate 4. The force exerted by the fluid on the solid surfaces.

Differentiate between Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems.

Write the expression for 1. Dot product of two vector v and w. 2. Cross product of two vector v and w. 3. Multiplication of a Tensor τ by a Scalar s. 4. Addition of vector v and w.

for the downward laminar flow through inclined plane for if shear stress profile is given as τ = (ρgcosβ).x xz1 Develop the velocity distribution profile for Newtonian fluid. If angle β is zero, what will be shear stress profile and velocity distribution? State assumptions made while deriving these expressions.

What is control volume? How the shape of control volume is decided?

Write the equation for steady state shell energy balance. What are the most common boundary conditions used in shell energy balance?

Develop the shear stress and velocity distribution profile for the laminar flow through the circular pipe. State assumptions made while deriving these expressions.

What is the physical significance of thermal diffusivity? How it is defined and what are its units?

Why is the thermal conductivity of a solid generally larger than that of a liquid? Why is the thermal conductivity of a liquid larger than that of a gas?

Develop the heat flux and temperature distribution profile for heat conduction through electrical heat source. State assumptions made while deriving these expressions.

Compare and contrast the molecular and convective mechanisms for heat transport.

The thermal conductivity of a sheet of rigid, extruded insulation is reported to be k = 0.029 W/m.K. The measured temperature difference across a 20- mm-thick sheet of the material is T1 -T2 = 10°C.

What is the heat flux through a 2 m * 2 m sheet of the insulation?

What is the rate of heat transfer through the sheet of insulation? Assumptions (1) One-dimensional conduction in the x-direction (2) Steady-state conditions (3) Constant properties.

Differentiate between Molecular mass flux and convective mass flux.

What is Fick’s law of Diffusion? Discuss it with suitable diagram.2

Write in brief about Mass average and molar average velocity.

Compare the forced and free convection in non-isothermal systems with a suitable diagram.

Derive a suitable expression for steady-state diffusion of Athrough stagnant Bwith the liquid-vapor interface maintained at a fixed position.

Write the common boundary conditions used in shell mass balance.

For the fixed-bed axial flow reactor shown in figure, find the steady state axial temperature distribution. The fluid is flowing axially in plug flow with superficial velocity v0. The reactants enter at z = -∞ and leave at z = +∞. The reaction zone is from z = 0 to z = L.

Define Thiele modulus. What is the significance of Thiele modulus?

For the given figure shows the absorption of gas Ainto falling liquid B, the velocity profile is presented by Establish a mass balance on component Aconsidering C =f(x,z) and A formulate the following differential equation: Assume: Transport of Ain the z direction will be primarily by convection. In the x direction Amoves predominantly by diffusion.

How the equation of change differs in single component and multicomponent system?

Discuss in brief about diffusion with homogeneous catalytic reaction.

Define the following 1. Brinkman Number 2. Biot Number 3. Prandtl Number