Irrigation Engineering — Summer 2025

Differentiate between Saturation Capacity and Field Capacity.

Elaborate various types of lining and give necessity of canal lining.

Discuss the scope of Irrigation Engineering in context to climate change impacts.

Enumerate the sign of bad drainage condition of an area.

Elaborate the benefits that can be accrued from Irrigation projects.

Explain the need of Irrigation in India and describe its development in the country.

Enlist the objectives of command area development? How are these achieved through command area development programmees?

Enumerate the different terms by which duty can be improved.

Explain duty and delta of canal water. Derive the relationship between duty and delta for a given base period.

Explain with a neat sketch the layout of a modern canal system, carrying water from a barrage. Discuss as to how the duty of water increases as we move downstream from the head of the main canal towards the head of the water course.

Enumerate the different factors affecting duty.

Explain the following terms:-

Cash crops b) Paleo c) Kor watering d) Crop ratio

Explain how will you proceed for determining the field irrigation requirement (FIR) for an important crop like wheat?

Distinguish between Suspended load and Bed load

An earthen channel with a base 3m wide and side slope 1:1 carries water with a depth of 1m. The bed slope is 1:1600. Estimate the discharge. Take value of Nin Manning’s formula N = 0.04.

Discuss Canal. With the help of a neat sketch, illustrate the classification of canals based on their alignment.

Explain Lacey’s concept of initial, final, and permanent regime.

Atrapezoidal channel has side slope 1:2 (H:V) and the slope of bed is 1 in 1500. The area of the section is 40. Find the dimensions and discharge of most economical section, if C = 50.

Describe Kennedy’s theory for the design of irrigation channels in alluvial soil (both cases). What are the limitations of Kennedy’s theory?1

Explain Balancing depth and how it is determined?

Elaborate the fundamental difference between Kholsa’s theory and Bligh’s Creep theory for seepage below a weir.

Explain brief outline Kholsa’s theory on the design of weirs on permeable foundation. Enumerate the various corrections that are needed in the application of this theory.

Explain brief Khosla’s exit gradient concept.

Distinguish between weir and barrage.

Elaborate diversion head and indicate the various components of the system. Briefly indicate the function of each components with a neat sketch.