Materials Characterization — Winter 2025

Differentiate SEM and TEM.

What is electron microscopy? How it differs from optical microscopy?

Draw a schematic of scanning electron microscope. Briefly explain working of each component in SEM.

Discuss the applications of Thermogravimetric analysis.

Describe thermogravimetric analysis technique.

Discuss the Working and applications of Differential scanning calorimetry.

What is XRF? Using a diagram explain the working of XRF system.

Discuss the merits and applications of Turbomolecular pump.

Explain the instrumentation of Turbomolecular pump.

What is optical microscopy? Explain Hot Stage Microscopy.

Describe the effect of Numerical Aperture (N.A.) on resolution of the microscope.

Describe Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) microscopy.

What is vacuum gauge? Explain the principle and instrumentation of Penning gauge with their merits and applications.

Describe the importance of Material characterization.

Write applications and limitations of WDS.

Explain the Atomic Microscopy. Give applications and limitations.

Give merits and applications of AFM.

Explain the instrumentation of AFM.

Describe Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. List advantages of AES.

Discuss why X-ray Photoelectron Specroscopy needs Ultra High Vacuum.

Explain the principle of UPS. Give applications.

Explain the Powder (Debye Scherrer) method of X-Ray diffraction. How it is useful to study lattice parameter of crystal?

Explain how X-Rays are produced?

Derive Bragg’s law. Give its significance in study crystal structure.

Explain Auger Electron Spectroscopy and its instrumentation.