Define the following terms. 1. Encryption 2. Starvation 3. Cascadeless schedule 4. Transaction failure 5. Distributed Database 6. Shadow Paging 7. Sorting
[7 marks](i). Describe the ACID properties of a Transaction, briefly (ii) Define Transaction. Mention the various states of a Transaction. Describe with a State Diagram.
[3 marks]Describe how the Query processing is done in sorting. Explain the same using the External merge-sort algorithm
[7 marks]Explain materialized view and types of view maintenance.
[7 marks]Explain deadlock prevention schemes in detail.
[7 marks]Define Query Processing. Explain the steps involved in Query processing with a neat diagram.
[7 marks]Explain Phantom Phenomenon with example
[7 marks]Why concoreny control is needed? Explain two phase protocol in detail.
[7 marks]Explain Conflict Serializability and View Serializability with example.
[7 marks]Explain in detail about the (a) Audit Trail (b) Firewalls
[7 marks]What are the challenges of ORDBMS design? What are the main features of ORDBMS?
[7 marks]What is database security? Discuss various threats to database security.
[7 marks]Differentiate the following: Parallel Database Vs. Distributed Database.
[7 marks]What are checkpoints? Explain database recovery performed using checkpoints
[7 marks]Briefly explain different architectural models of parallel databases.
[7 marks]What is equivalence rule? Discuss any six transformation rules for query optimization.
[7 marks]Why database recovery is needed? Explain defered update and immediate update in detail with examples.
[7 marks]