Biostatistics & Research Methodology — Winter 2024

Provide a comparison of crossover and parallel designs.

Comment with reasons: Power depends on both the size of the sample and the degree of variability.

Give an overview of various types of clinical study designs.

List three experiments whose outcomes will result in each of the following kinds of variables: (a) Continuous variables (b) Discrete variables

Calculate the standard deviation of the following sample data 101.8, 103.2, 104.0, 102.5, and 103.5.

For the following blood pressure measurements: 100, 98, 101, 94, 104, 102, 108 and 108 calculate coefficient of variation.

Define null hypothesis and alternate hypothesis with example.

Construct a Semilogarithmic graph to find the half-life from following data. (Assume first order rate reaction) Time after injection, t (hr) Blood level, C (g/mL)020 3 2.5 4 1.25

Describe salient consideration for proper construction and labeling of the typical rectilinear graph with a suitable example.

What are different types of errors and explain one with example.

Define Sample. Brief out various methods of sample size determination.

Atablet is produced with a labeled potency of 100 mg. The standard deviation is known to be 10. What size sample should be assayed if we want to have 90% power to detect a difference of 3 mg from the target? The test is done at the 5% confidence level.

Define following terminologies:

Introduce advantages of computerized literature retrieval.

Write a note on application of computers in inventory control.

It is hypothesized that the difference between two drugs with regard to success rate is 0 (i.e., the drugs are not different). What size sample is needed to show a difference of 20% significant at the 5% level with a error of 10%? (Assume that the response rate is about 50% for both drugs, a conservative estimate.) The study is a two independent samples design (parallel groups).

What is randomization? Discuss any one method of randomization.

Incidence ii) Prevalence iii) Relative risk iv) Attributable risk Page 1 of Q. 6 (a) In a test for pain relief, two drugs are compared where the outcome is 0, 1, or 2, where 0 = no relief, 1 = partial relief, 2 = complete relief. With drug A, 50 had a score of 0, 50 scored 1, and 75 scored 2. With drug B, 20 had a score of 0, 60 scored 1, and 60 scored 2. Use a Chi-square test to compare drugs Aand B. How would you interpret a significant effect?

Discuss role of computers in management of Adverse drug reactions For Reference For Chi Square values refer following table Page 2 of

Give advantages and limitations of computerized prescriptions

Dissolution is compared for three experimental batches with the following results (each point is the time in minutes to 50% dissolution for a single tablet): Batch 1: 15, 18, 19, 21,23, 26 Batch 2: 17, 18, 24, Batch 3: 13, 10, 16, 11,9 Is there a significant difference among batches?