Chemistry — Winter 2024

Explain de Broglie's concept in wave mechanics.

Explain the types of hybridization with the molecular shapes of the following compounds: CH₄ and C₂H₄.

Discuss caustic embrittlement in boilers.Why does caustic embrittlement occur in boilers, and how can it be prevented?

03 Define the following terms: 1. Octane Number 2. Fullerenes 3. Corrosion

Compare scale formation and sludge formation in boilers.

Explain the deionization method used for softening of water with appropriate diagrams.

Discuss the manufacturing of acetic acid through fermentation with appropriate diagrams.

What is meant by the mobile phase and stationary phase in liquid chromatography?

Differentiate between internal and external treatment for water softening.

Explain electrochemical theory of corrosion with appropriate diagrams.

State the products formed by the action of the enzyme invertase and zymase on cane sugar under suitable fermentation conditions, along with the reactions.

Compare hard acids and bases with soft acids and bases.

What do you mean by spectroscopy? Explain the principle of NMR spectroscopy.1

Briefly explain thin-layer chromatography.

Discuss the applications of nanomaterials.

Explain the principle and working of lithium batteries, including the reactions occurring in them. Reflect how they are better than other types of batteries.

List the applications of IR spectroscopy.

What are inhibitors? Provide two examples.

Analyze the structure of a bomb calorimeter and explain whether its design is suitable for measuring the calorific value.

Illustrate the uses of steel as an alloy with examples.

Write about Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle.

Discuss the "Top-Down" and "Bottom-Up" approaches for synthesizing a nanomaterial.

Explain the sacrificial protection method for preventing metal corrosion with suitable diagrams.

Discuss carbon nanotubes and nanowires in detail.

Explain the refining of petroleum with the help of suitable diagrams.