Explain the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem with the help of a suitable example.
[3 marks]Draw the dual network of the network shown in the figure.
[4 marks]State and explain the classification of dependent sources with neat diagrams.
[7 marks]Explain the concept of transient and steady-state response in an RL circuit with the help of a neat sketch.
[3 marks]Obtain the effective inductance of the network shown in figure.
[4 marks]Explain the step response of a series RL circuit by solving the differential equation. Also, discuss its key features with the help of a sketch.
[7 marks]Explain the zero-input and zero-state responses of a series RC circuit for a step input. Include the governing equations and a neat sketch for each response.
[7 marks]Analyse how the Laplace Transform simplifies the process of solving differential equations in electrical circuits. Explain how this approach helps in determining the total response of the system. Page 1 of
[3 marks]Explain the concept of poles and zeros of a transfer function. How do their locations in the s-plane influence the stability and transient response of an electrical circuit? Illustrate your answer with a suitable example.
[4 marks]Aseries RLC circuit has R=10 Ω, L=0.1 H, and C=100 μF. It is excited by a DC step voltage of 50 Vapplied at t=0. Derive the differential equation governing the current i(t). Find the damping factor (α) and undamped natural frequency (ω₀). Determine the nature of the transient response (overdamped, underdamped, or critically damped). Sketch and analyse the expected shape of the current response i(t) over time, commenting on transient and steady-state behavior.
[7 marks]Asystem is represented by the transfer function Analyse the location of poles and zeros, and explain how they affect the stability and transient behavior of the system.
[3 marks]Explain the Initial Value Theorem (IVT) and Final Value Theorem (FVT) of the Laplace Transform. Derive the expressions for both and discuss their significance in analysing circuit responses. Provide one example for illustration.
[4 marks]What is the significance of the s-domain equivalent of circuit elements? Explain how representing resistors, inductors, and capacitors in the s-domain helps in solving circuit differential equations. Give one simple example.
[3 marks]Explain the significance of the transmission (ABCD) parameters of a two-port network. How can these parameters be used to analyse the cascade connection of two two-port networks? Provide a simple illustrative example.
[4 marks]Given the series RL circuit with R=2Ω and L=1H, and a step input V(t)=10u(t)V, use Laplace transform to determine: 1. The s-domain equivalent circuit. 2. The Laplace transform of the current I(s). 3. The time-domain response i(t). Also, analyse the transient and steady-state behavior from the obtained response.
[7 marks]Explain the concept of a transfer function. How can it be used to determine the output of a circuit for any given input? Illustrate your explanation with a simple example.
[3 marks]Explain the concept of a two-port network and its practical significance. Choose any one type of two-port parameter (e.g., Z-parameter or Y-parameter) and describe how it relates the input and output voltages and currents of the network. Give a simple example.
[4 marks]Compare Z-parameters and Y-parameters of a two-port network. Which type of parameter is more suitable for networks connected in series and which for networks connected in parallel? Justify your answer.
[3 marks]Atwo-port network can be represented by Z-parameters, Y-parameters, or ABCD parameters. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using each type of parameter in practical circuit analysis.
[4 marks]Aseries R–Lcircuit has R=20 Ω and L=0.2 Hconnected to a sinusoidal voltage source v(t)=50sin(200t) V. 1. Explain how the circuit can be represented in the phasor domain. 2. Determine the phasor current in the circuit. 3. Explain how the sinusoidal steady-state voltage across the inductor can be obtained from the phasor current.
[7 marks]Evaluate the advantages and limitations of using transmission (ABCD) parameters for representing long-distance communication or power transmission networks. Justify your evaluation.
[3 marks]Evaluate the advantages of using two-port network parameters for analyzing complex electrical circuits instead of directly applying Kirchhoff’s laws. Justify your answer with practical examples.
[4 marks]Explain the concept of a phasor and its significance in analysing AC circuits. Transform a simple series R–Ccircuit (R = 10 Ω, C = 100 μF) with a sinusoidal voltage source v(t)=10sin(100t) into its phasor equivalent. Determine the phasor current and explain how the sinusoidal steady-state response of the circuit can be obtained from it. Page 3 of
Aseries RL circuit has R=20 Ω and L=0.5 H. A DC step voltage of 10 Vis applied at t=0. Derive the differential equation for the current i(t). Solve the equation to find the time-domain response i(t). Analyse the transient and steady-state behaviour of the circuit. Determine the time constant of the circuit.
[7 marks]Aseries RLC circuit has R=4 Ω, L=1 H, and C=0.25 F. Astep voltage V(t)=12u(t) V is applied. Using Laplace transform: 1. Determine the s-domain equivalent circuit. 2. Find the Laplace transform of the capacitor voltage VC(s). 3. Obtain the time-domain response vC(t). 4. Analyse whether the circuit is overdamped, underdamped, or critically damped, and explain the transient behaviour. Page 2 of
