Hydrology & Water Resources Engineering — Summer 2019

Calculate the average annual rainfall using Theissen polygon method for the following data: Rain gauge station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Annual rainfall (cm) 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Area (Km2) 55 50 45 33 69 49 55 39

Give the name of automatic rain gauges and explain any one in detail with figure.

Explain in detail with neat sketch the double mass curve technique to check the consistency of rainfall data.

Explain the Rational Method for estimation of peak flood discharge.

Explain Darcy's law with figure.

In a certain river basin, there are four rain gauge stations, with their normal annual precipitation amounting to 800, 520, 450 and 390 mm, respectively. Determine the optimum number of rain gauges in the catchment, if it is desired to limit the error in the mean value of rainfall in the catchment to 10 %.

Athunder storm of 6hour duration produces the following flood hydrograph. Derive the ordinates of unit hydrograph for a catchment area of 2845 km2. Also sketch the resulting unit hydrograph. Date July 3 July 4 July Time 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 (hour) am pm pm am am pm pm am am pm Discharge 100 400 1500 3500 5100 3000 1500 900 400 100 (m3 /sec)

Describe in brief Reservoir sedimentation

Describe the situations under which the following dams are constructed (1) Gravity dam (2) earthen dam

Discuss occurrence of groundwater with a neat sketch and define various water bearing formations.

Write a brief note on flood damage analysis.

Define following terms: (i) Firm Power, (ii) Load Factor, (iii) Gross Head, (iv) Operating Head

Explain the mass curve method that can be used for determining reservoir capacity.

Discuss the measures to be adopted for water conservation in water scarce regions.

Distinguish between (1) Hydraulic and hydrologic method of flood routing (2) Hydrologic storage routing and hydrologic channel routing1

Define the following with figure (1) Earthen dam (2) Gravity dam (3) Arch dam (4) Buttress dam (5) Spillway

What is the need for planning of water resources projects?

Define ‘Drought’. Distinguish between hydrological drought and meteorological drought.

Explain with a neat sketch the components of a hydroelectric power plant.

Discuss the factors affecting infiltration.

Discuss the Penman-Monteith method for evapotranspiration estimation.

Define flood and its causes. Also discuss various measures taken to control the flood.

Define the following with figure (1) Infiltration index (2) Specific yield

Define unit hydrograph and its applications.

Enlist various methods of flood estimation. Describe flood frequency analysis.