Elements of Fluid Mechanics — Summer 2023

Differentiate between kinematic viscosity and dynamic viscosity.

Discuss about rheological classifications of fluids.

Derive Bernoulli’s equation for a fluid flow through a circular tube along with all the assumptions involved.

Define: (a) Mass density (b) Surface tension (c) Viscosity

Discuss velocity distribution in laminar flow regime.

Explain the generation of boundary layer for flow through tube of uniform cross-section.

Crude oil of viscosity 0.97 poise and relative density 0.9 is flowing through a horizontal pipe of diameter 100 mm and length 10 m. Determine the pressure difference at the ends of the pipe if 100 kg of oil is collected in 30 second.

Define: (a) Drag coefficient (b) Power number

Discuss vortex formation in an agitated vessel. How can it be prevented?

Derive Hagen Poiseull’s equation for the flow of incompressible fluid in laminar regime through a pipe of uniform cross-section.

Explain the difference between form friction and skin friction.

Discuss various flow patterns in an agitated vessel.

Show that the average velocity is one-half of the maximum velocity for a flow of fluid through a pipe of uniform cross-section in laminar flow regime.

Discuss the difference between reciprocating pumps and centrifugal pumps.

The diameters of a pipe at sections 1 and 2 are 10 cm and 15 cm respectively. Find the discharge through the pipe if the velocity of water flowing through the pipe at section 1 is 5 m/s. Determine the velocity at section 2.

Derive an expression to determine the discharge flow through a venturimeter.

Discuss various hydraulic coefficients.

Atank of kerosene contains water up to a depth of 4 m and above it kerosene of specific gravity 0.8 for a depth of 1.5 m. Find the intensity of pressure at the bottom of the tank.

With the help of a schematic diagram, discuss the constructional features and working of a rotameter.1

Define Stoke’s law and explain the various forces acting on a spherical particle while settling through a fluid.

Discuss the various types of impellers used in an agitated vessel with their applications.

Derive Ergun’s equation to determine the pressure drop per unit length of the bed for a packed bed containing spherical particles.

Explain fluidization and its types.

Derive an expression for power correlation in an agitated vessel.

Awater softener consists of a vertical tube of 50 mm diameter and packed to a height of 0.5 m with ion exchange resin particles. The particles may be considered spherical with a diameter of 1.25 mm. Water flows over the bed because of gravity and pressure difference at the rate of 30 cc/sec. The bed has a porosity of 0.3. Calculate the pressure drop.2