Elements of Fluid Mechanics — Summer 2024

Mention any three properties of fluid with relevant units.

Differentiate Newtonian fluid from Non-Newtonian fluids in terms of stress- strain relationship.

Acertain mass of liquid has a volume of 5 m3 and a weight of 39240 N. Find the specific volume, specific weight and specific gravity of the liquid.

Determine the vacuum pressure in meter of water if the absolute pressure is 0.5434 bar. Assume the atmospheric pressure as 10.33 meter of water.

With a neat sketch mention the various pressure measurement scales.

How U-tube differential manometer is used to measure the difference of pressure between two points of the same pipe?

Define (i) Vapour pressure (ii) Unsteady flow (iii) Incompressible flow (iv) Uniform flow (v) Reynolds number (vi) Boundary layer (vii) Streamlines.

What is meant by transition length? How is it related to Reynolds number for the flow of fluid through a pipe?

Discuss the formation of boundary layer in case of flow of fluid through a pipe.

The diameters of the pipe at sections 1-1 and 2-2 are 100 mm and 250 mm respectively. If the discharge through the pipe is 0.06 m3/s, find the average velocities at the two sections.

What is potential flow? Mention various characteristics potential flow?

What is meant by fanning friction factor? How is it related to pressure drop for flow of fluid in a pipe?

Mention the various representational forms of Fluid flow Energy balance Bernoulli’s equation with relevant units.

Differentiate skin and form friction.

What is meant by Equivalent diameter? How it accounts for flow of fluid through non-circular cross sections?

At a certain section Aof a pipeline carrying water the diameter is 1m, the pressure is 98.1 kN/m2 and the velocity is 3 m/sec. At another section B, which is 2m higher than section A, the diameter is 0.7m and the pressure is 59.2 kN/m2. What is the direction of flow?

What is meant by characteristic curves in a Centrifugal pump?

With a neat diagram explain how orificemeter is used to measure flow of fluid through a pipe?1

Explain with relevant sketches different types of impellers used in Industries?

What is meant by Swirling? Mention the various ways adopted for reducing swirling.

How agitation operation is different from mixing used in process Industries?

Describe the various types of heads in a Centrifugal pump?

What is cavitation and when priming is required in centrifugal pump?

What is drag and drag coefficient? Derive the total drag on a solid object aligned at an angle with the direction of flow.

What is meant by Fluidization and minimum fluidization velocity? Derive an expression for minimum fluidization velocity from first principles.