LASER and Fiber Optics in Medical Technology — Summer 2025

What is light guiding? Explain with some examples.

Draw and explain simple fiber optic system.

Explain Snell’s law with diagram and equation.

Explain critical angle and its importance in communication.

What is windowing? Explain how to select a specific window for optical transmission.

What is the use of decibel in fiber optic circuits? Explain with example.

Explain the phenomenon of absorption in fiber optics.

Explain 1) Cone of acceptance 2) Numerical aperture 3) Fiber optics

What is acceptance angle? Explain with its equation.

What is Rayleigh scattering? Explain Fresnel reflection.

Explain the use of fiber optic pressure sensor.

Explain different bending losses associated with optical fiber with proper illustrations.

What is dispersion? What is the effect of dispersion on the data transmission?

What is mode? How modes can be calculated within optical fiber.

Differentiate between ordinary light and LASER light.

Write a note on: Applications of LASERs in diagnosis of cancer.

Draw and explain block-diagram of LASER system.

Explain structure of endoscope with its major parts.

Explain clinical applications of LASER with specialty and LASER used.

Explain LASER hyperthermia.

Discuss optical properties of tissues.

Write a note on: Applications of LASERs in Detection of Plaque in Cardiology.

Discuss the beam divergence and beam focusing.

Explain non-thermal interaction of LASER with tissues.

Write a note on Nd: YAG LASER.