Give the mathematical expression of Nernst’s law. Explain the limitation of distribution law.
[6 marks]Define and explain solubility. Discuss different solubility expressions.
[5 marks]Write a note on liquid crystals.
[5 marks]Derive the equation of the spreading coefficient. Discuss the applications of the spreading coefficient in pharmacy.
[6 marks]Explain the factors that influence drug solubility.
[5 marks]Enumerate methods used for determination of HLB value.
[5 marks]Name different methods used for the determination of surface tension. Describe the capillary rise method in detail.
[6 marks]State and derive Raoult’s law.
[5 marks]With neat diagram explain the critical point and eutectic mixture.
[5 marks]Define polymorphism. Describe its applications in pharmacy.
[6 marks]Write limitations and applications of distribution law.
[5 marks]Write a short note on chelate-type complexes.
[5 marks]Is the following statement True or False? Justify your answer: “Refractive index is lesser than one for substances denser than air”. Discuss the applications of the refractive index.
[6 marks]What are the characteristics of buffers? Derive Henderson-Hasselbalch’s equation for an acidic buffer.
[5 marks]Discuss the applications of buffers in pharmaceutical and biological systems.
[5 marks]What is the mechanism of complex formation between PABA and caffeine? Explain the method to determine the formation of complex and stability constant for this complex.
[6 marks]Define and discuss the application of the dielectric constant.
[5 marks]Discuss different types of adsorption isotherms.
[5 marks]Define ‘complex compounds’. Discuss inclusion complexes in detail
[6 marks]Explain isotonicity with its importance. How isotonicity is maintained in buffer solution.
[5 marks]Discuss the applications of drug-protein binding in drug activity.
[5 marks]