Fundamentals of Biopotentials — Winter 2022

Explain a medical instrumentation system with the help of a generalized block diagram.

List out the properties of action potentials.

Write down a Nernst and GHK Equation and mention their importance.

Explain the action potential with the help of a diagram.

Define Polarizable and Non-Polarizable electrodes.

Draw and explain Network equivalent circuits.

Write a short note on the origins of Biopotentials.

Explain a characteristic of the Electroencephalogram.

What is a motion artifact? How to reduce it?

Explain the electrode-skin interface with the help of a diagram.

Explain a body surface recording electrode and draw a neat diagram of each electrode.

What is an ECG? Draw an ECG graph and labeled it.

Explain a lead configuration of ECG with the help of a diagram.

Explain Ca 2+ distribution in a cell.

List out the electrodes used for EMG and EEG and also draw a diagram of each electrode.

Write a short note on Electroretinogram.

Define: Permeability coefficient

Explain the exchange and pumping, (Na-K) ATPase Pump with the help of a diagram.

Write a short note on the physiology of the Electromyogram.

What is the need for a Heat sink?

List out the Electrical- Safety codes and standards.

Explain in detail a basic approach to protection against shock.

What are the physiological effects of electricity?

Define Macroshock and Microshock hazards.

What is the importance of shielding? Explain shielding theory and techniques in detail.