Water Resources Engineering and Hydrology — Summer 2024

Define: Hyetograph, infiltration, Runoff

Explain (1) Thiessen polygon method (2) Isohyetal method, to find average depth of rainfall.

Enlist recording and non-recording type of rain gauges. Explain any one non- recording type of rain gauge with a neat sketch.

Define: Drainage basin, Drainage density, Stream density

Find the ordinates of a storm hydrograph resulting from a 3 hours storm with rainfalls of 2.45, 7.20 and 4.25 cm during subsequent 3 hours intervals. The ordinates of unit hydrograph(O.U.H.) are given below: Time (hrs) 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 24 03 O.U.H. (cumecs) 0 115 340 530 370 320 260 225 175 130 Time (hrs) 09 12 15 18 21 24 O.U.H. (cumecs) 80 65 50 30 15 0 Assume an initial loss of 5 mm, infiltration index 2.55 mm/hour and base flow of 30 cumecs.

Write down the assumptions and limitations of unit hydrograph theory.

The direct runoff hydrograph resulting from a 6.0 cm effective rainfall of 0 6 hr duration is given below. Determine the area of the catchment and the ordinates of the 6 hr unit hydrograph. Also sketch 6 hr unit hydrograph. Time (hrs) 00 06 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 Direct runoff 00 30 170 315 360 300 240 170 120 (m3/s) Time (hrs) 54 60 66 72 Direct runoff 70 30 10 00 (m3/s)

Explain Darcy’s law with its limitation?1

List out the causes of sedimentation in reservoir and explain any two.

Differentiate between Confined aquifer and Unconfined aquifer.

Awell 0.7 m in diameter penetrates fully a confined aquifer of thickness 30 m, having a conductivity of 1.5 m/day. It is expected that the drawdown in the well be limited to 2.75 m. Assuming that the radius of influence is 330 m, find the maximum discharge that can be pumped out of well.

Explain types of sediment load.

An unconfined aquifer has a thickness of 40 m. Afully penetrating 25 cm diameter well in this aquifer is pumped at a rate of 30 lit/s. The drawdown measured in two observation wells located at distances of 10 m and 120 m from the well are 8 m and 0.75 m respectively. Determine the average hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. At what distance from the well the drawdown is insignificant.

Write a note on flood routing.

Explain dams based upon their function.

Explain flood frequency analysis.

Explain the mass curve method to determine reservoir capacity.

Distinguish between Gravity dam and Earth dam.

Enlist different types of reservoirs. Explain each in brief.

Write a note on check dam.

Explain: Penstocks, Surge tank, Turbines

Explain types of drought.

Explain roof top rain water harvesting method with a neat sketch.

Explain classification of hydropower plant based on head.

What is the need for planning of water resources projects? Discuss the steps involved in the water resources planning.