Water Resources Engineering and Hydrology — Winter 2024

Write brief note on gravity dam with its salient features.

Differentiate between unconfined and confined aquifer.

Discuss various measures are adopted for water conservation.

What is S-hydrograph? Also give its uses.

Explain various effects of draught.

Discuss various methods of direct measurement of consumptive use of water.

Define term ‘flood routing’. Discuss Muskingum’s method for channel routing.

Define following terms: Storage co-efficient (2) Aquifuge (3) Specific retention

Discuss non-automatic type of rain gauge

What is runoff? Also discuss various factors affecting runoff from catchment area.

State Darcy’s law. What are its limitations?

Discuss various physiographic factors affecting shape of hydrograph.

Define spillway and describe various bucket-type energy dissipaters.

Write brief note on reservoir losses.

Classify hydropower plant based on storage characteristics

The direct runoff hygrograph (DRH) resulting from 5.0 cm effective rainfall of 6-hr duration is given below. Determine catchment area and ordinates of 6- hr unit hydrograph. Time (Hour) 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 DR Ordinate 0 20 170 325 365 315 235 (m3/s) Time (Hour) 42 48 54 60 66 72 DR Ordinate (m3/s) 160 100 65 35 15 0

Enumerate limitations of unit hydrograph theory.

Explain following terms: (1) Density currents (2) Trap efficiency

Derive an expression for discharge in form of drawdown from well fully penetrating an unconfined aquifer.

Write functions of following components of hydropower plant. Penstocks (2) Surge tank (3) Draft tube

Describe double ring infiltrometer to determine rate of infiltration.

What is transpiration? Discuss factors affecting it and phytometer method to measure rate of transpiration.

Discuss levees as flood control measure.

Explain procedure of separating base flow in hydrograph.

Discuss functional requirements of water resources projects.