Downstream Processes — Winter 2023

Give difference between precipitation and crystallization.

Explain Freundlich Adsorption Isoterm.

Explain single stage extraction with diagram.

Explain the principle of affinity chromatography.

Explain gradient elution.

Explain working and application of molecular sieve chromatography.

Explain chemical method of cell disruption.

Derive Darcy’s law

It is desired to filter a cell broth at a rate of 2000 liters/h on a rotary vacuum filter at a vacuum pressure of 70 kPa. The cycle time for the drum will be 80 s, and the cake formation time (filtering time) will be 15 s. The broth to be filtered has a viscosity of 2.0 cp and a cake solids (dry basis) per volume of filtrate of 10g/l. The specific cake resistance has been determined to be 9 × 1010 cm/g. Determine the area of the filter that is required. The resistance of the filter medium can be neglected.

What are considerations to be made in selection of solvent for liquid liquid extraction?

Explain salting out method of precipitation.1

To achieve complete recovery of bacterial cells from a fermentation broth with a pilot plant scale tubular centrifuge. It has been already determined that the cells are approximately spherical with a radius of 0.5µm and have a density of 1.10 g/cm3. The speed of the centrifuge is 5000 rpm, the bowl diameter is 10 cm, the bowl length is 100 cm, and the outlet opening of the bowl has a diameter of cm. Estimate the maximum flow rate of the fermentation broth that can be attained.

Explain enzymatic method of cell disruption

Write a note on membrane fouling

Explain working and application of Ion exchange chromatography.

Explain physical method of cell disruption.

Write importance as well as disadvantages of filter aids.

Explain components and working of HPLC.