Applied Fluid Mechanics — Summer 2022

What is open channel? Why bed slope is provided in open channel?

Derive an expression for the loss of head due to sudden enlargement of a pipe.

Explain the specific energy curve with neat sketch.

Explain the term Hydraulic gradient line and Total energy line.

Explain various types of open channels with sketch.

Prove that the velocity distribution for viscous flow between two parallel plates when both plates are fixed across a section is parabolic in nature.

What do you mean by most economical channel section? Show that for trapezoidal channel of most economical section (1) half of top width = length of one of the slopping side (2) hydraulic mean depth =1/2 depth of flow.

Explain Hagen-Poiseuille theory.

Derive an expression for the momentum thickness (ө) of boundary layer flow.

What is couette flow? Derive an expression of velocity and shear stress for couette flow

Differentiate hydro-dynamically smooth and rough pipes.

What do you mean by pipes in series and pipes in parallel? How the loss of head is determined in both systems.

Ahorizontal rectangular channel 4 m wide carries a discharge of 16 m3/s. Determine that the hydraulic jump may occur at initial depth of 0.5 m or not. If hydraulic jump occurs, determine the sequent depth to this initial depth. Also determine the loss of energy in the jump.

What is priming? Why it is necessary.

Explain the hydroelectric plant with neat sketch.1

Find the head loss due to friction in a pipe of diameter 300 mm and length 50 m through which water is flowing at a velocity of 3 m/s using (1) Darcy-Weisbach formula (2) Chezy’s formula for which C=60.

Write a note on prandtl mixing length theory

Derive Chezy’s formula to calculate the velocity in case of a channel.

State and explain Buckingham’s π theorem. Why it is considered over Rayleigh method over dimensional analysis.

Differentiate between back water curve and drop down curve.

The discharge of water through a rectangular channel with 6 m width and 2 m depth of flow is 18 cumecs. Calculate (1) Specific energy of flowing water (2) Critical depth (3) Critical velocity (4) minimum specific energy.

Explain boundary layer separation. Also discuss the effect of pressure gradient on boundary layer separation.

Define specific speed, unit discharge and unit power of turbine.

Differentiate between: (1) Impulse and Reaction turbine (2) Open channel flow and Pipe flow.

Derive differential equation of gradually varied flow with assumptions made in it.