Applied Fluid Mechanics — Summer 2023

Enlist types of loses in pipes.

Write the differences between pipe flow and open channel flow?

Derive the Darcy-Weisbach equation for calculating head loss due to friction

Explain hydraulically smooth and rough pipes

Define boundary layer, laminar sub-layer, displacement thickness and momentum thickness

Ahorizontal pipe of diameter 500 mm is suddenly contracted to diameter of 250 mm. The pressure intensity in larger and smaller pipes are given as 18.5 N/cm2 and 12.5 N/cm2 . If C = 0.62 find loss of head due to sudden c contraction and discharge of water formula for the loss of head due to friction in pipe line.

Calculate the head loss due to friction using Darcy Equation and power required to maintain 50 liters per second of liquid flow through a steel pipe 0.08 m radius and 750 m long. Take Sp. Gravity of the liquid = 0.80 and co-efficient of friction f=0.0025.

Write the assumptions made in derivation of the Dynamic Equation of the Gradually varied flow

Explain the Manning’s formula in open channel flow

Design the optimum trapezoidal channel has side slopes of horizontal to 4 vertical and slope of its bed is 1 in 2500, if it is to carry water at 0.7 m3 /s. Take Chezy’s constant as 60

Define

Cavitation (ii) Prandtl Mixing length (iii) Water Hammer

Enlist the important applications of Navier-stoke equations

Explain with diagram the Specific Energy Curve and Discharge Curve and derive the mathematical expression for minimum specific energy and maximum discharge in terms of depth of flow

What is priming? Why is it necessary in centrifugal pump?

Discuss the phenomenon of boundary layer separation.

Explain the principal and working of a centrifugal pump with a neat sketch. OR1

Derive the expression for displacement thickness.

Define hydraulic jump? Discuss the types of jump based on Froude number

Prove that for the most economic section of a trapezoidal channel is: “half of the top width is equal to one of the sloping sides”

Define: Mechanical efficiency and Hydraulic efficiency

Compare Impulse turbine and Reaction Turbine.

Explain construction and working of a pelton wheel

Discuss briefly various similarities between the model and the prototype.

Discuss the Distorted and Undistorted Models. What are the merits and demerits of Distorted Models?

Explain the Buckingham’s ᴨ- theorem for dimensional analysis