Write the differences between pipe flow and open channel flow?
[3 marks]Explain the terms:(1) Hydraulic gradient line (2) Total energy line.
[4 marks]Determine the loss of head due to friction in pipes by using (1) Darcy- Weisbach Formula and (2) Chezy’s Formula.
[7 marks]Explain the term dimensional homogeneity with an example.
[3 marks]Explain Buckingham's π-theorem in dimensional analysis.
[4 marks]Derive an expression for loss of head due to sudden enlargement of a pipe.
[7 marks]Explain water hammer in pipes. Derive an expression for the rise of pressure when the flowing water in a pipe is brought to rest by closing the valve gradually.
[7 marks]Define:Hydraulic mean depth, Afflux and Back water curve.
[3 marks]Differentiate between:(1) Uniform flow and non-uniform flow (2) Steady and unsteady flow
[4 marks]Explain boundary layer separation. Also discuss the effect of pressure gradient on boundary layer separation.
[7 marks]Define: Critical, sub-critical and super-critical flow in an open channel.
[3 marks]Differentiate between:(1) Laminar flow and turbulent flow (2) Rapidly varied flow and gradually varied flow
[4 marks]Explain displacement thickness. Derive an expression for the displacement thickness.
[7 marks]Explain various types of open channels with sketches.
[3 marks]Derive the condition for maximum discharge for a given value of specific energy.
[4 marks]Define the term most economical channel section? Derive the conditions for the most economical trapezoidal channel section.
[7 marks]Write down the assumptions made for deriving an equation for gradually varied flow.
[3 marks]Define hydraulic jump? Derive an expression for depth of hydraulic jump in terms of upstream Froude number.
[4 marks]Draw a specific energy curve. Derive expression for critical depth and critical velocity.
[7 marks]Define specific speed, unit discharge and unit power of turbine
[3 marks]Give classification of hydraulic turbine,
[4 marks]Explain construction and working of a centrifugal pump..
[7 marks]What is priming? Why is it necessary?
[3 marks]Differentiate between (1) Impulse and Reaction turbines (2)Kaplan and propeller turbines.
[4 marks]Explain construction and working of a Pelton wheel.
[7 marks]