Applied Fluid Mechanics — Winter 2021

What is open channel? Why bed slope is provided in open channel?

What do you mean by most economical channel section? Derive the condition for trapezoidal channel of best section.

Explain various types of open channels with sketch

Obtain the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for viscous flow through a circular pipe.

Prove that the velocity distribution for viscous flow between two parallel plates when both plates are fixed across a section is parabolic in nature.

Explain the terms: Hydraulic gradient line and Total energy line.

Derive an expression for the loss of head due to sudden enlargement of a pipe.

The pressure difference Δp in a pipe of diameter Dand length l due to turbulent flow depends on the velocity V, viscosity μ, density ρ and roughness k. Using Buckingham’s π-theorem, obtain an expression for Δp.

Define and enlist types of draft tube with neat sketch.

What do you mean by pipes in series and pipes in parallel? How the loss of head is determined in both systems.

Explain boundary layer growth over a flat plate. Derive the expression for momentum thickness of boundary layer flow.

Explain the various types of similarities exist between model and its prototype.

Explain Buckingham method of dimensional analysis.

Differentiate between Impulse and Reaction turbine.

A Pelton wheel is having a mean bucket diameter of 1m and is running of 1000 r.p.m. The net head on the Pelton wheel is 650 m. If the side clearance angle is 15° and discharge through nozzle is 0.1 m3/s, find (i) Power available at the nozzl, and (ii) Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine.

What is dimensional less number? State and explain them.

Differentiate between a pump and the turbine.

Explain separation of boundary layer.

Explain the principal and working of a centrifugal pump with a neat sketch.

What is specific energy head? Draw specific energy diagram.

Explain under what condition hydraulic jump can occur.

Derive the non uniform flow equation and explain back water curve and draw down curve.1

Explain the efficiencies of turbine.

Draw a layout of hydroelectric plant and explain different components of hydroelectric plant.

Explain Froude model law. Obtain scale ratio for time, acceleration and discharge for the Froude model law.